|
| |
 | Chemical Structure |
|
 |
| Chemical Formula |
|
C32H51NO8S |
| Molecular Weight: |
|
609.8 |
| Cas No.: |
|
55297-96-6 |
| Synonyms |
|
TIAMULIN HYDROGEN FUMARATE |
| Compliance |
|
|
|
| Description |
|
Semi-synthetic derivative of Pleuromutilin.
Appearance: White to yellowish crystal powder
|
| Indications |
|
Tiamulin is extremely active against
gram-positive organisms such as streptococci, staphylococci and against
mycoplasmas and Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae. The range of values of
Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against streptococci and
staphylococci is between 0.015 and 0.15 µg/ml, with a few exceptions among
Streptococcus faecalis strains. Tiamulin fumarate is particularly active
against Serpulina hyodysenteriae, Leptospira spp., Mycoplasma spp., as well
as many Gram positive and some Gram negative bacteria. Tiamulin is indicated
for swine dysentery, swine enzootic pneumonia and chronic respiratory
disease in poultry. Tiamulin is also useful in the prevention and treatment
of pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP). At low
doses, tiamulin is an effective performance enhancer.
Tiamulin is a prokaryotic ribosome inhibitor that
acts by blocking the initiation of polypeptide chain formation, thus
preventing the synthesis of key enzymes and other proteins. Tiamulin is
rapidly distributed in the body. The half-life in serum is several hours and
virtually disappears within 24 hours. High concentrations of tiamulin are
found in lung (target organ), liver and kidney (detoxifying organ); much
lower concentrations are found in muscle and some other tissues. With ad
libitum feeding tiamulin concentrations are maintained at a relatively
steady-state. Following withdrawal of the medicine, tiamulin rapidly
depletes from all organs and tissues. There is no accumulation of tiamulin
in the blood or any organs or tissues following repeated or long-term
administration of tiamulin-medicated feed.
The most interesting biological activity of
Tiamulin, is its extreme effectiveness against mycoplasmas, surpassing such
antibiotics as Tetracycline HCL and Tylosin tartrate which are considered
the treatment of choice of these types of infections. The MIC values of
Tiamulin against strains of mycoplasmas range from 0.004 to 6.25 µg/ml.
Tiamulin acts bacteriostatically.
The serum concentration - time profile of Tiamulin after intramuscular
injection is characterized by a rapid absorption phase, a short plateau
phase and a long, slowly declining phase. Peak serum concentrations usually
are reached within 1 hour after dosing, and concentrations in milk are
considerably higher than in blood. T1/2 of the drug after im administration
is about 3-6 h. Tiamulin is extensively metabolized in the liver (i.e.
marker residue 8-a-hydroxymutilin).
The development of resistance to Tiamulin does not occur in one-step
fashion, but becomes evident only after serial passage of sensitive bacteria
on tiamulin-containing media.
In veterinary medicine Tiamulin is used for treatment, control and
prophylaxis of swine dysentery, swine pneumonia and mycoplasmal diseases in
pigs and poultry.
Comparisons of activities against field strains of Serpulina and Mycoplasma
spp. show that tiamulin is one of the most active antibiotics. In addition,
resistance development has not been a major problem. At low concentration,
tiamulin has significant performance-enhancing activity and is effective in
preventing development of disease, and at higher levels is very useful in
treatment of the indicated diseases. |
| Dosage |
|
For the metaphylaxis of swine dysentery and
enzootic pneumonia complex, fowl chronic respiratory disease and improvement
in growth and feed efficiency, an inclusion rate of 25-30 ppm tiamulin
fumarate in the diet is recommended. At this inclusion rate, no residues can
be detected two days after withdrawal. For the treatment of swine dysentery
and enzootic pneumonia complex and fowl chronic respiratory disease, an
inclusion rate of 120 to 200 ppm tiamulin fumarate in the diet is
recommended. At this inclusion rate, no residues can be detected five days
after withdrawal |
| Standards |
|
|
Identification |
•
IR-spectrum
• HPLC |
| pH |
3.1
～ 4.1 |
|
Loss on drying |
≤1.0% |
|
Heavy Metals |
10
PPM |
|
Content of Fumaric acid |
≥18.6 ≤19.4 |
|
Purity HPLC |
≥98% |
|
| Packing |
|
25 kg in double polyethylene bags in a fiber
drum. |
| Storage |
|
In dry places, protected from direct sunlight, at
a temperature of up to +25°C. |
| Expiry |
|
4 years. |
| Remarks |
|
In need of further
information, please kindly us at:
biok@vetamo.com or
davidvan2000@homtail.com or call our direct phone: 0086 133 5582 2008 |
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